The terahertz (THz) bands, which are also typically referred to as the spectrum beyond 100 GHz, are emerging thanks to the abundant spectral resources, including continuous bands of spectrum that may be wider than 20 GHz. The availability of spectrum with bands over 20 GHz is an exciting opportunity for ultra-broadband wireless systems, including next-generation communications, networking, and sensing systems. As the carrier frequencies being considered continue to increase, the wavelength correspondingly reduces, in turn leading to smaller antennas with increased bandwidths. Even a narrowband patch antenna at 400 GHz could have more than 20 GHz of bandwidth even though the fractional bandwidth is only 5% of the center frequency. This leads to exciting new capabilities in broadband digital signal processing (DSP) and software defined radio (SDR) systems when used at such high carrier frequencies.
