Long term direct thermal measurement of the earth’s middle and lower tropospheric temperature on a global basis along with the determination of a diurnal temperature climatology is needed to 1) correct historic satellite mid-tropospheric temperature data, 2) estimate the impact of atmospheric greenhouse warming in response to anthropogenic CO2 emissions, 3) inter-calibrate the international fleet of weather satellites, and 4) monitor naturally occurring atmospheric temperature trends. Quantifying anticipated temperature trends on a timely basis requires the globally averaged mid-tropospheric temperature to be observed with a satellite temperature sounding instrument of very high stability and traceability. Stable on-orbit reference instruments are needed to also prevent instrumental drift or deterioration from obscuring trends occurring over several decades. With increased anticipated anthropogenic emission resulting from the imminent deployment of 5G communications electronics and related consumer and defense applications at V -band, radio frequency interference (RFI) detection and mitigation also becomes indispensable for accurate temperature retrievals. Given the historical trend of spectral occupancy doubling every ~6 years, RFI detection and mitigation is critical to future imaging and sounding radiometer architectures.
