Publication: Bitcoin’s Latency-Security Analysis Made Simple

Christina Clark on November 28, 2022

By Dongning Guo and Ling Ren

Abstract: “Simple closed-form upper and lower bounds are developed for the security of the Nakamoto consensus as a function of the confirmation depth, the honest and adversarial block mining rates, and an upper bound on the block propagation delay. The bounds are exponential in the confirmation depth and apply regardless of the adversary’s attack strategy. The gap between the upper and lower bounds is small for Bitcoin’s parameters. For example, assuming an average block interval of 10 minutes, a network delay bound of ten seconds, and 10% adversarial mining power, the widely used 6-block confirmation rule yields a safety violation between 0.11% and 0.35% probability.”

Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies, September 2022

See Paper

Publication: Mitigating conflict situations in spectrum sharing: A localized and decentralized governance approach

Christina Clark on October 18, 2022

Published on SSRN, August 15, 2022
Authored by: Pedro Bustamante, University of Pittsburgh – School of Information Sciences, Students; Carnegie Mellon University

Abstract: As spectrum sharing matures, usage conflict situations (e.g., harmful interference) remain a common concern. To deal with the challenges associated with conflict situations, multiple solutions have been proposed. Examples of approaches to mitigate conflict situations include the creation of exclusion and coordination zones, the development of spectrum coordinators (e.g., SAS), or the implementation of sensing-based mechanisms. Nonetheless, most of these solutions are designed as “one-size-fits-all” or global solutions. In this paper, we propose a local analysis of conflict situations in spectrum sharing settings through the design, development, and deployment of polycentric and self-governance systems. We have created a multi-tiered spectrum sharing model to analyze such systems using Agent-Based Modeling, Common-Pool Resource frameworks, and the core definitions of Radio Environment Maps (REMs).

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4189545

Publication: Spectrum Rights in Outer Space: Interference Management for Mega-constellations

Christina Clark on October 18, 2022

Published at SSRN, August 2, 2022
Authored by: Randall Berry (Northwestern University), Pedro Bustamante (University of Pittsburgh – School of Information Sciences, Students; Carnegie Mellon University), Dongning Guo (Northwestern University), Thomas W. Hazlett (Clemson University), Michael Honig (Northwestern University), Whitney Lohmeyer (Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering), Ilia Murtazashvili (University of Pittsburgh – Graduate School of Public and International Affairs), Scott Palo (University of Colorado), Martin B. H. Weiss (University of Pittsburgh – School of Computing and Information)

Abstract (brief): The rapid increase in low earth orbiting, non-Geostationary (NGSO) communication satellites raises concerns related to the coordination of radio frequency access across competing NGSO systems. Responding to an April 2020 petition by SpaceX, the FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking NPRM (FCC 21-123) aimed at updating its NGSO spectrum sharing rules in the relevant frequencies (which involve ten distinct bands between 10 and 51 GHz).2 In this paper, we examine the rights regime proposed by the FCC and, guided by empirical evidence, propose alternatives that may better resolve the challenges confronted. Spectrum policy for satellite systems has been a topic for regulators for several decades, and the new satellite system, radio technologies, and spectrum sharing approaches make the topic ripe for reconsideration. (Cont’d on publication.)

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4178793

Presentation: SpectrumX Center Meeting June 2022, Day 1 Slides

Christina Clark on October 18, 2022

Description: This file contains the slides for presentations at the SpectrumX Center Meeting hosted at the University of Colorado Boulder, June 16 and 17, 2022. This file is for Day 1, June 16, and includes the Introduction and Welcome slides from Center Director Nick Laneman, Associate Director Scott Palo, and the National Science Foundation (NSF).

It also includes slides from the following presentations:

Education and Workforce Development, by Valarie Bogan
Broadening Participation, by Tanya Ennis
Policy, by Monisha Ghosh
Summary and Wrap up address, by Nick Laneman and Scott Palo

Day 1: SpectrumX: An NSF Spectrum Innovation Center, Center Meeting June 16, 2022Download

Video: SpectrumX: An NSF Spectrum Innovation Center

Christina Clark on October 17, 2022

Introduction video to SpectrumX, published September 26, 2022 , featuring:

Nick Laneman, SpectrumX Center Director, Professor at University of Notre Dame
Scott Palo, SpectrumX Associate Director, Professor at University of Colorado Boulder
Michael Honig, SpectrumX Research Director, Professor at Northwestern University
Monisha Ghosh, SpectrumX Policy Outreach Director, Professor at University of Notre Dame
Cong Shen, SpectrumX Research Partner, Professor at University of Virginia